Conventional Knowledge

Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterized by the loss of pigmentation in patches. Below is a summary of conventional knowledge about vitiligo:

1. Cause

• Melanin loss: Vitiligo occurs when melanocytes (the cells responsible for producing skin pigment) are destroyed or stop functioning.
• Autoimmune disorder: It is often associated with an immune system malfunction where the body mistakenly attacks melanocytes.
• Genetic factors: A family history of vitiligo or other autoimmune conditions increases the likelihood of developing the condition.

2. Symptoms

• White patches: Depigmented patches typically appear on the skin and may spread over time. These are most common on sun-exposed areas, such as the face, hands, and feet.
• Hair depigmentation: Hair in affected areas (scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes) may turn white or gray.
• Symmetrical appearance: Often, the patches appear symmetrically, although non-symmetrical cases also occur.

3. Triggers

• Stress or trauma: Physical injury or emotional stress can sometimes trigger or exacerbate vitiligo.
• Sunburn: Severe sunburns may cause or worsen depigmentation.
• Chemical exposure: Contact with certain chemicals can potentially contribute.

4. Types of Vitiligo

• Non-segmental (generalized): The most common type; white patches appear symmetrically on both sides of the body.
• Segmental (localized): Patches are confined to one part of the body, often appearing earlier and progressing faster.
• Focal: A few small areas are affected without spreading widely.

5. Impact

• Cosmetic concern: Vitiligo is not harmful or contagious but can cause psychological distress due to its visible nature.
• Associated conditions: Vitiligo may be linked to other autoimmune disorders, such as thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, or alopecia areata.

6. Diagnosis

• Clinical examination: A dermatologist examines the skin for typical white patches.
• Wood’s lamp: A specialized UV light that highlights depigmented areas.
• Blood tests: May be done to check for associated autoimmune conditions.

7. Treatment Options

• Topical medications: Steroids or calcineurin inhibitors can help restore pigmentation.
• Light therapy: Narrowband UVB or excimer laser therapy stimulates melanocyte activity.
• Surgical options: Skin grafting or melanocyte transplantation for stable vitiligo.
• Depigmentation therapy: For extensive vitiligo, depigmentation of remaining pigmented skin creates a uniform appearance.
• Cosmetics: Makeup and self-tanners help mask the patches.

8. Lifestyle Tips

• Sun protection: Use sunscreen to protect sensitive depigmented areas.
• Dietary support: A healthy diet rich in antioxidants may help maintain overall skin health.
• Emotional support: Counseling or support groups can aid in coping with the condition.

9. Myths and Misconceptions

• Not contagious: Vitiligo cannot spread from person to person.
• Not caused by poor hygiene: It is unrelated to cleanliness or personal habits.
• Not always genetic: While genetics may play a role, not all cases involve a family history.